Wednesday, September 9, 2020

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

 

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS


DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1.     MODERN VARIANT OF THE DEVELOPMENT

2.     REFERS  TO THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

3.     THE OBJECTIVE OF WHICH IS TO MAINTAIN THE QUALITY OF LIFE BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS

4.     FOCUSES DEVELOPMENT WITHOUT ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

5.     ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION :

a)    ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

b)    EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

MEANING OF ENVIRONMENT

a)    ALL THOSE SITUATIONS AND SURROUNDING WHICH INFLUENCE THE LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT

b)    ENVIRONMENT INCLUDE NON LIVING THINGS LIKE SOIL AND THE CLIMATE

c)    MEANING OF ENVIRONMENT

d)    ALL THOSE SITUATIONS AND SURROUNDING WHICH INFLUENCE THE LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT

e)    ENVIRONMENT INCLUDE NON LIVING THINGS LIKE SOIL AND THE CLIMATE

f)     SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

g)    IS PROCESS THAT MAXIMIZES FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATION LONG TERM NET GAINS RESULTING FROM ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

h)    PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT GENERATION WITHOUT REDUCING THE ABILITY OF THE FUTURE GENERATION TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRESSES THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IF STRESSES THAT PROCESS DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE SUCH THAT IT CAUSES MINIMUM POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AS WELL AS MINIMUM POSSIBLE EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL POLLUTION.

 FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1.     SUSTAINED RISE IN REAL PER CAPITA INCOME AND ECONOMIC WELFARE

2.     RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

3.     NO REDUCTION IN THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATION TO MEET THEIR NEEDS :AIMS AT  MAKING USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT FOR RAISING THE EXISTING STANDARD OF LIVING BUT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY REDUCTION  FOR THE FUTURE GENERATION.

4.     NO INCREASE IN POLLUTION :SHOULD NOT TAKE THOSE ACTIVITIES WHICH MAY INCREASE IN POLLUTION

5.     SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : MORE CONSCIOUS ABOUT OUR CONCERN FOR FUTURE GENERATION AND OUR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES.

6.     OPTIMUM USE OF RESOURCES

 STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

INPUT EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY : DEVISE SUCH TECHNOLOGIES WHICH ARE INPUT EFFICIENT. MORE PRODUCTION PER UNIT. REDUCE THE EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES.

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY SOURCES SHOULD BE USED TO KEEP CLEAN THE ENVIRONMENT. LIKE INSTEAD OF DIESEL AND PETROL,CNG AND LPG SHOULD BE USED.

 MAIN CONCERN OF STATE PLANNING SHOULD BE INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND REDUCING THE MIGRATION TO URBAN

CONVERT SUNLIGHT INTO SOLAR ENERGY AND SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY. IN INDIA SUNLIGHT IS A NATURAL GIFT AND IT IS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND NON EXHAUSTIBLE

 STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SHIFT TO ORGANIC FARMING : WE SHOULD SHIFT TO ORGANIC FARMING BECAUSE BY USING EXCESSIVE ,INSECTICIDES AND PESTICIDES HAVE RAISED THE CROP YIELD.

RECYCLE THE WASTE : HOUSEHOLD WASTE CAN BE  RECYCLED INTO COMPOST AND USES AS A MANURE FOR ORGANIC FARMING.

 STRINGENT LAWS ON THE DISPOSABLE OF CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS :

AWARENESS TO CONSERVE NATURAL ASSETS FOR INTER GENERATIONAL EQUITY : WE SHOULD CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES FOR  GENERATION.

PUBLIC MEANS OF TRANSPORT : PUBLIC MEANS OF TRANSPORT ARE TO BE RAPID,COMFORTABLE AND ECONOMICAL.

 MEASUREMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1.     GREEN NATIONAL INCOME

2.     GENUINE SAVING

 GREEN NATIONAL INCOME

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NET NATIONAL INCOME AND DEPRECIATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL

NET NATIONAL INCOME : MARKET VALUE OF THE FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES PRODUCED BY THE RESIDENTS OF COUNTRY DURING ONE YEAR

 GREEN NATIONAL INCOME

 DEPRECIATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL: LOSS VALUE OF THE CAPITAL BECAUSE OF ITS CONTINUOUS USE. NATURAL CAPITAL REFERS TO THE SUM TOTAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES INCLUDING ENVIRONMENT

 GREEN NATIONAL INCOME

 GREEN NATURAL INCOME = NET NATIONAL INCOME-DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES- ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

 

 GENUINE SAVING: RATE OF SAVING ADJUSTED NOT ONLY FOR DEPRECIATION OF MAN MADE CAPITAL BUT ALSO FOR THE LOSS OF VALUE OF THE NATURAL CAPITAL

 GENUINE SAVING

 GROSS SAVING-DEPRECIATION OF MAN MADE CAPITAL-DEPRECIATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL (DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND DEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENT)

COMPARISON: ECONOMIC GROWTH.ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT








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