ECONOMICS,COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT: WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

· DR SHASHI AGGARWAL

· PROJECT MANAGEMENT

· MEANING OF WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

1. WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE IS A TECHNIQUE WHICH BREAKDOWN A WORK INTO ITS COMPONENTS AND AT THE SAME TIME ESTABLISHES THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS ON THE LINES OF FAMILY TREE

2. BUT IT IS NOT MERELY A FAMILY TREE FOR THE HARDWARE INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT

3. PROVIDES THE FOUNDATION AROUND WHICH MANY PEOPLE WILL GROUP TOGETHER IN THE FORM OF ORGANIZATION AND WITH THE HELP OF SOFTWARE BUILD UP TOTAL EDIFICE

4. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE ENABLES THE INTEGRATION OF PEOPLE,HARDWARE,SOFTWARE INTO TOTAL PROJECT WORK SYSTEM

· PURPOSE

1. THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IS TO SUBDIVIDE THE SCOPE OF WORK INTO MANAGEABLE WORK PACKAGES THAT CAN BE ESTIMATED, PLANNED AND ASSIGNED TO A RESPONSIBLE PERSON OR DEPARTMENT FOR COMPLETION.

2. ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED IN 1960 AS PART OF THE DRIVE TOWARDS IMPROVED PROJECT DEFINITION AND BACKBONE OF THE PLANNING AND CONTROL SYSTEM

3. EXCELLENT TOOL FOR QUANTIFYING THE SCOPE OF WORK PACKAGES AND IS ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR ENSURING THE ESTIMATE OR QUOTATION INCLUDES THE COMPLETE SCOPE OF WORK

4. CONSIDERED AS A HIERARCHICAL FORM OF MIND MAP THAT HELPS TO BREAK COMPLEXITY DOWN INTO SIMPLE MANAGEABLE COMPONENTS.

· DEFINITION

· TURNER DEFINES THE WBS AS “ A CASCADE OF DELIVERABLE IN WHICH THE OVERALL PRODUCT OR OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT IS BROKEN INTO SUB-PRODUCTS ,ASSEMBLAGES AND COMPONENTS.

· PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ( PMBOK) DEFINES THE WBS

A HIERARCHICAL DECOMPOSITION OF THE TOTAL SCOPE OF WORK TO BE CARRIED OUT BY THE PROJECT TEAM TO ACCOMPLISH THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND CREATE THE REQUIRED DELIVERABLE

· BASICS OF WBS

· VERB ORIENTED WBS : TASK ORIENTED WBS DEFINES THE DELIVERABLE OF PROJECT IN TERMS OF ACTIONS THAT MUST BE DONE TO PRODUCE THE DELIVERABLE. THE FIRST WORD : DESIGN,DEVELOP,OPTIMIZE,TRANSFER AND TEST

· NON ORIENTED WBS : DELIVERABLE ORIENTED WBS DEFINES PROJECT IN TERMS OF THE COMPONENTS PHYSICALLY OR FUNCTIONAL THAT MAKE UP THE DELIVERABLE, FIRST WORD : MODULE,SUBSYSTEM. ALSO KNOWN AS PRODUCT BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

· TIME PHASED WBS :USED IN LONG PROJECTS. IT BREAKS THE PROJECT INTO MAJOR PHASED INSTEAD OF TASKS

· 100% RULE : ALL LEVELS WITH IN HIERARCHY OF THE PROJECT

· NEED OF WBS

ACCURATE AND READABLE PROJECT ORGANIZATION
ACCURATE ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES
INDICATE THE PROJECT MILESTONE AND CONTROL POINTS
HELPS TO ESTIMATE COST, TIME AND RISK
ILLUSTRATE THE PROJECT SCOPE, SO THE STAKE HOLDERS CAN HAVE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TIME

· MEANING OF WORK PACKAGE

1. WORK PACKAGE IN PROJECT IS THE SMALLEST DIVISION OF WORK WHERE IT STILL RETAINS CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT

2. WHERE A PROJECT IS PROGRESSIVELY DIVIDED INTO SYSTEMS AND SYSTEM INTO SUBSYSTEM

3. WORK PACKAGE PLANNING REFERS TO IDENTIFICATION OF THESE PACKAGES GROUPING THEM OR EEPING THEM AS THEY ARE IN ORDER TO FORM VIABLE CONTRACTS

· ADVANTAGE OF WORK PACKAGING

1. AS WORK PACKAGE IS THE SMALLEST DELIVERABLE UNIT CONSISTING OF DESIGN,PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION AND IS RECOGNIZING AS INDIVIDUAL ENTITY AND CAN BE GIVEN TO SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY CENTER FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SAME WITHOUT MUCH INTERFERENCE

2. TIME AND COST CAN ATTACHED TO EACH WORK PACKAGE

3. EASY TO SCHEDULE,BUDGET AND AWARD THE CONTRACT ON COMPETITIVE BASIS

4. CAN BE CONTROLLED ON THE BASIS OF TIME ,COST AND TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE

5. BETTER ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

6. WORK PACKAGING CAN ALSO SURE THAT ALL AGENCIES IN A PROJECT THINK AND CHANNELIZE THEIR EFFORTS IN ONR DIRECTION : TOWARDS THE COMPLETION OF THE PACKAGE ONLY

7. DESIGN ENGINEERS,PROCUREMENT,ENGINEERS AND CONSTRUCTION WILL GIVE PRIORITY TO THEIR WORK PACKAGE AND WILL LEAD TO WELL COORDINATED COMPLETION

· CHARACTERSTICS OF GOOD WBS

1. DEFINABLE :---CAN BE DESCRIBED AND EASILY UNDERSTOOD BY PROJECT PARTICIPANTS

2. MANAGEABLE : A MEANINGFUL UNIT OF WORK WHERE SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY CAN BE ASSIGNED TO A RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL

3. ESTIMATE ABLE : DURATION CAN BE ESTIMATED IN TIME REQUIREE TO COMPLETE AND COST CAN BE ESTIMATED IN RESOURCES REQUIRED

4. INDEPENDENT : ASSIGNABLE TO SINGLE CONTROL ACCOUNT AND DIFFERENT FROM OTHER WORK PACKAGES

5. INTEGRATES WITH OTHER PROJECT ELEMENTS AND WITH HIGHER LEVEL OCTS AND SCHEDULES TO INCLUDE THE ENTIRE PROJECT

6. MEASURABLE : CAN BE USED TO MEASURE PROGRESS

7. ADAPTABLE : SUFFICIENTLY FLEXIBLE SO THE ADDITION/ELIMINATION OF WORK SCOPE CAN BE READILY ACCOMMODATED

· GUIDELINES

1. ALWAYS EXPRESS WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE AT THE LOWEST LEVEL IN THE FORM OF WORK PACKAGES

2. REVIEW WBS AND MAKE SURE THAT ALL DELIVERABLE HAVE BEEN FULLY COVERED

3. ENSURE THE TESTING AND TRAINING HAVE BEEN TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

4. ENSURE THAT NON IT WORK PACKAGES ARE ALSO INCLUDED LIKE DOCUMENTATION AND REVIEW ACTIVITIES

5. SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES ARE ALSO PLANNED

6. DELIVERY APPROVAL CYCLE ARE ALSO TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

· MAIN COMPONENTS OF WBS

1. STRUCTURE

2. METHODS OF SUBDIVISION

3. NUMBERING OR CODING SYSTEM

4. LEVEL OF DETAILS

5. NUMBER OF WBS LEVELS

6. ROLL UP

7. INTEGRATING THE WBS/OBS TO ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITY

· CONSTRUCTION OF WBS

1. IDENTIFICATION THE MAIN DELIVERABLE OF THE PROJECT

2. BREAK DOWN THE HIGHEST LEVEL TASK INTO SMALLER CHUNKS OF WORK

3. BREAK THEM DOWN INTO DIFFERENT LEVEL OF DETAILS

4. NO HARD AND FAST RULE

5. MANY FORMS TO DISPLAY THEIR WBS

· MANY DESIGN GOALS FOR WBS:-

VISIBILITY TO IMPORTANT WORK EFFORTS
VISIBILITY TO RISK WORK EFFORTS
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACTIVITIES AND DELIVERABLE
SHOW CLEAR OWNERSHIP BY TASK LEADERS

· THE WBS STRUCTURE

· TWO METHODS OF PRESENTING WBS :-

TEXT INDENTS
GRAPHICALLY IN BOXES

· TEXT INDENTS SHOWS THE SCOPE OF WORK . HERE EACH LEVEL IS TABBED TO REPRESENT ITS LEVEL IN HIERARCHY.

o TEXT INDENT

o HOUSE PROJECT

o CIVIL 1.1.0

§ 1.1.1 FOUNDATION

§ 1.1.2 WALLS AND ROOF

o PLUMBING 1.2.0

1.2.1 PIPING

1.2.2 SEWERAGE

o ELECTRICAL 1.3.0

1.3.1 WIRING

1.3.2 ACCESSORY INSTALLATION

· GRAPHICALLY STRUCTURE

1. IS HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

2. BEST PRESENTED BY GRAPHICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE SCOPE OF WORK IN BOXED

3. GRAPHICALLY

· WBS HORIZONTAL PRESENTATION

· METHOD OF SUBDIVISION

· PRODUCT BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE: HIERARCHICAL VIEW OF THE PHYSICAL ASSEMBLIES,SUB ASSEMBLIES,COMPONENTS AND PARTS NEED TO MANUFACTURE THE PRODUCTS

· PRODUCT BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

· ORGANIZATION BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE

· ORGANIZATION BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE:-REPRESENTS A HIERARCHY OF THE COMPANY MANAGING THE PROJECT AND IT WILL HELP WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF WORK PACKAGE. THE OBS SHOULD CONTAIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SUBDIVISIONS: