INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BY DR SHASHI AGGARWAL
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RURAL DEVELOPMENT MEANING
- RURAL
DEVELOPMENT GENERALLY REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE
LIFE AND ECONOMIC WELL BEING OF PEOPLE LIVING IN RELATIVELY ISOLATED AND
SPARSELY POPULATED AREA.
- RURAL
DEVELOPMENT MEANS AN ACTION PLAN FOR THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE
RURAL AREAS
- RURAL
DEVELOPMENT IS A PROCESS THAT AIMS AT IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF
THE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE RURAL AREAS.
- RURAL AREA OR
THE COUNTRY OR COUNTRY AREAS THAT ARE NOT URBANIZED.
- DEVELOPMENT IS
LONG TERM PROCESS OF RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION AND UTILITY FOR THE GROWTH IN
ALL AREAS PROPORTIONATELY. IN SOCIO ECONOMIC CONTEXT IT IS EFFECTIVE AND
EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF THE RESOURCES FOR THE WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE IN AN
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY.
- RURAL
DEVELOPMENT AIMS AT FINDING THE WAYS TO IMPROVE THE RURAL LIVES WITH
PARTICIPATION OF THE RURAL PEOPLE THEMSELVES SO AS TO MEET THE REQUIRED
NEED OF THE RURAL AREA
- RURAL
DEVELOPMENT MEANS AN ACTION PLAN FOR THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE
RURAL AREAS.
- THE ACTION PLAN
IS TO FOCUS ON THE LINGERING AND EMERGING CHALLENGES IN RURAL AREAS
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THE PRINCIPAL LINGERING CHALLENGES ARE :
1. CHALLENGES OF
RURAL CREDIT
2. CHALLENGES OF
RURAL MARKETING
3. EMERGING CHALLENGES
·
EMERGING CHALLENGES INCLUDE BASICALLY:
1. EXPLORING
OPTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OTHER THAN FARMING
2. EXPLORING
OPTION OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD OTHER THAN FARMING
3. THE CHALLENGE
OF THE ORGANIC FARMING
4.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. TO IMPROVE
PRODUCTIVITY AND THEIR BY THE INCOME OF THE RURAL POOR
2. TO ENSURE
ENLARGED EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AT
FASTER PACE
3. TO ACHIEVE
THE REMOVAL OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN UNDER EMPLOYMENT
4. TO ENSURE AN
APPRECIABLE RISE IN THE STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POOREST SECTIONS OF THE
POPULATION
5. TO PROVIDE
SOME OF THE BASIC NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE CLEAN DRINKING WATER.ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION,HEALTH CARE,RURAL ROADS
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AIMS OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. REMOVAL OF
UNEMPLOYMENT
2. REDUCTION IN
UNDER EMPLOYMENT
3. IMPROVEMENT
OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING
4. ADEQUATE
INCOME FOR NUTRITIOUS FOOD
5. SUFFICIENT
CLOTHES
6. AVAILABILITY
OF SOFT DRINKING WATER
7. SUITABLE
MEDICAL FACILITY
8. PROPER HOUSE
TO LIVE IN
9. APPROPRIATE
SOCIO CULTURAL ACTIVITIES TO ENRICH ONESELF
10. ADEQUATE ALL
WEATHER ROADS FOR BETTER COMMUNICATION
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THE LINGERING CHALLENGES OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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THE CHALLENGE OF THE RURAL CREDIT:-
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RURAL OR AGRICULTURE CREDIT MEANS FOR FARMING
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CREDIT IS THE LIFE LINE OF ACTIVITY IN RURAL AREAS BECAUSE OF TWO
REASONS:
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MOST FARMING FAMILIES IN INDIA ARE SMALL AND
MARGINAL HOLDERS PRODUCING JUST ENOUGH FOR SUBSISTENCE. NO SURPLUS FOR
INVESTMENT. NEED FOR CREDIT IS UNAVOIDABLE
•
THE GESTATION LAG BETWEEN SOWING AND HARVESTING
OF THE CROPS IS QUITE LONG. THIS COMPOUNDS THE NEED FOR CREDIT.
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE CREDIT NEEDS OF THE
TYPICAL INDIAN FARMERS:-
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SHORT TERM CREDIT: REQUIRED FOR
1. PURCHASE OF
INPUTS LIKE SEEDS,FERTILIZERS,PESTICIDES AND INSECTICIDES
2. ALSO FOR
MAKING PAYMENT OF ELECTRICITY
3. NO
SAVING BY THE SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMERS
4. LOANS ARE
RAISED FOR GENERALLY FOR A PERIOD RANGING BETWEEN 6 TO 12 MONTHS
•
MEDIUM TERM CREDIT :
1. FOR THE
PURCHASE OF MACHINERY
2. CONSTRUCTION
FENCES
3. DIGGING WELLS
4. LOANS ARE
RAISED FOR A PERIOD RANGING BETWEEN 12 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS
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LONG TERM CREDIT:
1. THE PURCHASE
OF ADDITIONAL LAND OR
2. FOR CARRYING
OUT PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT ON EXISTING LAND
3. THE PERIOD OF
SUCH LOAN RANGE BETWEEN 5 TO 20 YEARS
MAY ALSO BE CLASSIFIED AS :
1. PRODUCTIVE
REQUIREMENT : RELATING TO PRODUCTION ACTIVITY
2. UNPRODUCTIVE
REQUIREMENTS : RELATES TO CONSUMPTION ONLY
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