WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 2 CHALLENGES AND GOVERNMENT MEASURE

• WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 2
  CHALLENGES AND GOVERNMENT MEASURE
  RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

1. THE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS CONFINED TO METROPOLITAN CITIES AND BIG TOWN IN INDIA
2. MOST OF THE WOMEN OPERATE SMALL SCALE UNITS
3.  A RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IS A WOMEN OR GROUP OF WOMEN WHO UNDERTAKE TO ORGANIZE AND RUN AN ENTERPRISE IN RURAL AREA
4. THE CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR

1. WOMEN WHO TAKE TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP BECAUSE OF THE DIRE ECONOMIC NEEDS
2. WOMEN WHO HAVE TOT TAKE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BECAUSE THEY HAD THE FAMILY BACKGROUND TRADITION/SKILL ETC
3. WOMEN WHO TAKE UP BECAUSE THEY HAVE CERTAIN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT,NEED FOR POWER AND INFLUENCE
4. JUST TAKE UP AS A LEISURE TIME ACTIVITY

• ON OFFICIAL ADVICE AND GUIDE
• PROBLEMS FACED BY RURAL WOMEN:

1. ILLITERACY
2. LACK OF VITAL INFORMATION
3. FEAR TO TAKE RISK
4. LACK OF EXPERIENCE
5. FEELING OF INSECURITY

• RURAL WOMEN ENTRPRENEURSHIP
• IN ORDER TO ASSIST AND DEVELOP RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP,WOMEN AT GRASS ROOT LEVEL SHOULD BE INVOLVED THROUGH THE WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION
• UNDER THE INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME SPECIAL SUB SCHEMES CAN BE UNDERTAKEN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN RURAL AREA
• TWO HYPOTHESIS:

1. FIRST WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR ARE PRODUCED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND DIRECT ACTION BY THE GOVERNMENT
2. THEY CAN BE BEST DEVELOPED BY OUT OF WOMEN FOLK,WITH AN APTITUDE FOR AN EXPERIENCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

• PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

1. SHORTAGE OF FINANCE:- HAVE TO DEPEND UPON PERSONAL SAVING AND LOANS FROM FAMILY FRIENDS, MOSTLY THEY ARE NOT ABLE TO SET UP THEIR UNITS DUE TO LACK OF FINANCE. THEY GET PROBLEM IN GETTING LOANS FROM BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
2. INEFFICIENT ARRANGEMENT FOR MARKETING AND SALES:- OFTEN AT THE MERCY OF THE MIDDLEMEN FOR MARKETING OF THEIR PRODUCTS. THEY ARE EXPLOITED BY MIDDLEMEN AS MIDDLEMEN TAKE AWAY THE MAJOR PART OF THE PROFIT.
3. SHORTAGE OF RAW MATERIALS;DIFFICULT TO PROCURE RAW MATERIALS AND OTHER NECESSARY INPUTS
4. STIFF COMPETITION:-HAS TO FACE COMPETITION FROM ORGANIZED SET UP
5. HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION:-HIGH COST OF PRODUCTION IS ANOTHER PROBLEM WHICH UNDERMINE THE EFFICIENCY AND RESTRICT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTREPRENEUR
6. LIMITED MANAGERIAL CAPACITY:MAY NOT BE EXPERT IN EACH AREA
7. LOW MOBILITY:-ONE OF THE BIGGEST HANDICAP FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IS MOBILITY OR TRAVELLING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER PLACE
8. FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES:-MARRIED WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR HAVE TO MAKE A FINE BALANCE BETWEEN BUSINESS AND HOME.THEIR SUCCESS IN THIS REGARD DEPENDS UPON THE SUPPORTING FAMILY. DESPITE THE TRADITION AND MODERNIZATION THE FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES SLOW DOWN THE MOVEMENT OF THE WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR.

9. LACK OF EDUCATION:- DUE TO LACK OF EDUCATION THEY ARE NOT ABLE TO SET UP THEIR UNITS.
10. SOCIAL ATTITUDES :-THE BIGGEST PROBLEM OF A WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IS THE SOCIAL ATTITUDE AND THE CONSTRAINS IN WHICH SHE HAS TO LIVE AND WORK. IN TRADITION BOUND SOCIETY,WOMEN SUFFER FROM MALE RESERVATIONS ABOUT A WOMEN’S ROLE AND  CAPACITY. IN RURAL AREA WOMEN FACE RESISTANT NOT ONLY FROM THE MALE BUT FROM THE ELDERS ONE
11. LOW ABILITY TO BEAR RISK:- LOW ABILITY TO BEAR ECONOMIC  AND OTHER RISK BECAUSE THEY HAVE LED A PROTECTED LIFE.
12. LOW NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT :-NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT,INDEPENDENCE AND AUTONOMY ARE THE PERQUISITES FOR SUCCESS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUT WOMEN ARE PROUD TO BASK IN TH E GLORY OF PARENTS,HUSBAND ETC

• REMEDIES TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
• FINANCE CELLS:_IN VARIOUS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS SPECIAL CELLS MAY BE OPENED FOR PROVIDING EASY FINANCE TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR. EFFORTS SHOULD BE PROVIDE TO FINACE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL AND ALSO BE PROVIDED AT CONCESSIONAL RATE OF INTEREST
• MARKETING COOPERATIVES :-ENCOURAGEMENT AND ASSISTANCE SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR FOR SETTING UP COOPERATIVE, THESE COOPERATIVES WILL POOL THE INPUTS OF WOMEN ENTERPRISE AND SELL THEM ON GOOD PRICES AND WILL ELIMINATE MIDDLEMEN.
• SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS :-MAY BE PROVIDED TO THEM ON PRIORITY BASIS AND SUBSIDY MAY BE GRANTED TO MAKE THEM MORE COMPETITIVE
• EDUCATION AND AWARENESS :-NECESSARY TO CHANGE NEGATIVE SOCIAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS ABOUT WOMEN.
• TRAINING FACILITIES :- TRAINING AND SKILLS ARE ESSENTIALS FO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. IT SHOULD BE DESIGNED THAT WOMEN CAN TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE. MOBILE TRAINING CENTERS SHOULD BE OPENED.
• SELECTION OF INDUSTRIES

1. DEPEND UPON FAMILY BACKGROUND :
2. FAMILY BACKGROUND
3. EDUCATION
4. ATTITUDE
5. TRAINING AND LOCAL CONDITIONS
6. AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS
7. THE SUPPLY OF LOCAL LABOUR
8. LOCAL DEMAND
9. POWER ETC

• RECOMMENDATION OF SMALL INDUSTRY SERVICE INSTITUTE

1. MANUFACTURE OF AGARBATI,PAPAD.PICKLE,APPAREL,STATIONERY,PACKAGING MATERIALS,HANDICRAFT AND BED SHEETS
2. RUNNING OF URBAN DIARIES DRY CLEANING,CRECHES,RESTAURANTS,WORKING WOMEN’S HOSTEL,PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIOS,XEROXING FIRM,PATHOLOGICAL CLINICS FOR BIOCHEMISTRY STUDENTS,TRAVEL AGENCIES,ADVERTISING ETC
3. SERVICE CENTERS FOR P LUMBERING,ELECTRIC REPAIRS,RADIO AND WATCH REPAIRS ,OFFICE MAINTENANCE ON CONTRACT BASIS.CATERING,,BATIK PAINTING,EMBROIDERY,TUTORIAL CLASSES,STENOGRAPHY CLASSES
4. RETAIL SHOPS FOR TEXTILES,READY MADE GARMENTS,GROCERY,DRUG STORES ETC

• ASSISTANCE

1. PROMOTIONAL HELP :-PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT,REGISTRATION AND LICENSING HELP
2. TRAINING
3. SUITABLE ASSISTANCE IN MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGY
4. NECESSARY CREDIT
5. MARKETING ASSISTANCE

• STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
• STEPS TAKEN IN SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN:- SPECIAL CHAPTER ON THE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT WAS INTRODUCED BY THE GOVERNMENT WITH THE FOLLOWING SUGGESTION:
• SPECIFIC TARGET GROUP IN ALL MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF THE COUNTRY
• DEVISE AND DIVERSIFY VOCATIONAL TRAINING FACILITY FOR WOMEN TO SUIT THEIR CHANGING NEEDS AND SKILLS
• DEVELOPING NEW EQUIPMENT
• PROVIDE THE REQUIRED ASSISTANCE
• INVOLVE IN DECISION MAKING
• PLANS LAUNCHED IN EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN

1. PRIME MINISTER ROJGAR YOJNA AND EDPS WERE INTRODUCED TO DEVELOP ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITIES AMONG RURAL WOMEN
2. WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE SCHEME WAS INTRODUCED TO TRAIN WOMEN FARMERS HAVING SMALL AND MARGINAL HOLDING AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES
3. TO GENERATE MORE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, KVIC TOOK SPECIAL MEASURES IN REMOTE AREAS
4. WOMEN CO-OPERATIVES SCHEMES WERE FORMED TO HELP WOMEN IN AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES
5. MANY OTHER SCHEMES LIKE INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES,TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT( TRYSEM)

• DURING NINTH PLAN

1. TRADE RELATED ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASSISTANCE ( TREAD) SCHEME WAS LAUNCHED BY MINISTRY OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN RURAL SEMI URBAN AND BY DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL QUALITIES
2. SPECIAL STRATEGY WOMEN COMPONENT CELL FOR ASSISTANCE TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR
3. SWARAN JAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJNA AND SWARAN JAYANTI SEHKARI ROZGAR YOJNA WERE INTRODUCED BY GOVERNMENT TO PROVIDE RESERVATION
4. WOMEN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION WERE INTRODUCED

5. STATE INDUSTRIAL AND DEVELOPMENT BANK HAS INTRODUCED FOLLOWING SCHEMES TO ASSIT WOMEN ENTRPRENEUR

a)    MAHILA UDYAM NIDHI

b)    MICRO CREDIT SCHEME FOR WOMEN

c)    MAHILA VIKAS NIDHI FOR DEVELOPING WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR ESPECIALLY IN RURAL AREA

d)    WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

e)    MARKETING DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN

• VARIOUS SCHEMES BY GOVERNMENT
• AT THE CENTRAL AND STATE LEVEL HAVE LAUNCHED FINANCIAL SCHEMES FOR MICRO UNITS SET UP WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
• MUDRA YOJNA SCHEME :- ALSO APPLICABLE TO WOMEN WHO WANT TO START A SMALL ENTERPRISE SUCH AS BEAUTY PARLOUR,TUITION CENTER,TAILORING UNITS. LOAN FROM 50,000 TO 50 LACS ARE SANCTIONED UNDER THIS SCHEME.COLLATERAL AND GUARANTOR ARE REQUIRED IF THE LOAN EXCEED 10 LACS. THREE PLANS:

1. SHISU PLAN LOAN UPTO 50,000 FOR NEW BUSINESS
2. KISHORE PLAN ( 50,000 TO 5,00,000 )
3. TARUN PLAN LOAN BETWEEN 5 LACS AND 10 LACS FOR BUSINESS EXPANSION

• TREAD ( TRADE RELATED ENTREPRENEURSHIP ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT SCHEME): TO EMPOWER WOMEN BY PROVIDING CREDIT TO PROJECTS,CONDUCTING SPECIFIC TRAINING AND COUNSELLING. GRANT UP TO 30 % OF THE TOTAL PROJECT COST APPRISED BY LENDING INSTITUTION ( 70% FINACING BY THE INSTITUTIONS)
• MAHILA UDAN NIDHI SCHEME:-OFFERED BY SIDBI ( SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA) PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE UP TO 10 LACS. ALSO ASSIST FOR MODERNIZATION AND UPGRADING AND THE LOANS ARE TO BE REPAID WITH IN 10 YEARS INCLUDING 5 YEARS OF MORATORIUM
• ANNAPURANA SCHME :FOOD CATERING UNITS. AVAILING LOANS UP TO 50,000 TO PURCHASE KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AND A GUARANTOR IS REQUIRED TO SECURE THE LOAN. ASSETS TAKEN AS COLLATERAL BY THE CONCERNED BANK.

• STREE SHAKTI PACKAGE FOR WOMEN: MAJORITY ( OVER 50%) IN SMALL BUSINESS. ALSO NEED TO BE ENROLLED IN THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. UNDER THIS SCHEME AN INTERST CONCESSION OF .05 PERCENT  CAN BE AVAILED ON LOANS ABOVE RS 2 LACS.
• BHARTIYA MAHILA BUSINESS BANK LOAN :-INVOLVES LOAN UPTO RS 20 CRORES FOR WOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE. UNDER THE CREDIT GUARANTEE FUND TRUST FOR MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISE,NO NEED FOR COLLATERAL FOR LOANS UP TO RS ONE CRORE. LOANS ARE TO BE REPAID WITH IN 7 YEARS. THIS BANK WAS MERGED WITH SBI IN 2017
• DENA SHAKTI SCHEME : PROVIDE LOANS UPTO 20 LACS FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR IN AGRICULTURE,MANUFACTURING,MICRO CREDIT ,RETAIL STORES OR SIMILAR ENTERPRISES.CONCESSION OF 0,25 % ON RATE OF INTEREST. LOAN UPT O RS 50,000 ARE OFFERED UNDER THE MICRO CREDIT CATEGORY.
• UDYOGINI SCHEME:- AVAILABLE TO WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 18-45 WHO ARE INVOLVED IB AGRICULTURE,RETAIL AN SIMILAR SMALL BUSINESS CAN AVAIL UP TO ONE LACS. ANNUAL INCOME OF THE FAMILY SHOULD BE 45,000 IN ORDER TO AVAIL. BUT NO INCOME CONDITION EXIST FOR WIDOW,DESTITUTE OR DISABLE WOMEN FROM SC/ST CATEGORY A SUBSIDY OF 30% OF THE LOAN UP TO 10,0000
• CENT KALYANI SCHEME
• OFFERED BY CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA. SCHEME FOR WOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS IN MULTIPLE AREA SUCH AS AGRICULTURE OR RETAIL TRADING
• LOAN UP TO ONE CRORE ARE SANCTIONED  AND NO COLLATERAL AND GUARANTOR ARE REQUIRED.