VALUES ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

·         VALUES

• ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
• MEANING OF VALUE

1. VALUES ARE THE BASIC CONVICTION THAT GIVE US A SENSE OF RIGHT OR WRONG. IN THIS WAY VALUE FORM THE BASIS FOR ETHICAL BEHAVIOR.
2. ROKEACH ,” BASIC CONVICTIONS THAT A SPECIFIC MODE OF CONDUCT OR END STATE OF EXISTENCE IS PERSONALLY OR SOCIALLY PREFERABLE TO AN OPPOSITE OR CONVERSE MODE OF CONDUCT OR END STATE OF EXISTENCE.

• FEATURES OF VALUES

1. CONTAIN A JUDGMENTAL ELEMENT
2. IT CARRIES INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP IDEAS REGARDING WHICH IS GOOD OR BAD WHICH IS PREFERABLE
3. CONDUCT IS IMPORTANT AS IT HAS CONTENT ATTRIBUTES
4. INTENSITY ATTRIBUTE
5. INDIVIDUAL’S VALUE IN TERMS OF INTENSITY CAN BE RANKED
6. VALUES ARE MOST CENTRAL TO THE CORE OF A PERSON

• VALUE SYSTEM

1. .VALUES HAVE BOTH CONTENT AND INTENSITY ATTRIBUTE
2. THE CONTENT ATTRIBUTE STATES THAT A MODE OF CONDUCT OR END STATE OF EXISTENCE IS IMPORTANT.
3. THE INTENSITY ATTRIBUTE SPECIFIES HOW IMPORTANT IT IS.
4. VALUE SYSTEM IS A HIERARCHY BASED ON THE RANKING OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S VALUE IN TERMS OF THEIR INTENSITY. VALUE TEND TO BE RELATIVELY STABLE AND ENDURING
5. THIS SYSTEM IS IDENTIFIED BY THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE WE ASSIGN TO SUCH VALUES AS FREEDOM,SELF RESPECT,HONESTY,OBEDIENCE AND QUALITY ETC. VALUES SYSTEM CAN EASILY BE CONCLUDED FROM PERSON’S BEHAVIOR

• TERMINAL AND INSTRUMENTAL VALUES

• VALUES LEARNT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES:-

1. TERMINAL VALUE:-LEADS ENDS TO BE ACHIEVED. LIKE COMFORTABLE LIFE,FAMILY SECURITY ETC
2. INSTRUMENTAL VALUE RELATES TO THE MEANS FOR ACHIEVING DESIRED ENDS. LIKE AMBITION,COURAGE ETC

• INSTRUMENTAL BEHAVIOR

1. HONEST
2. FORGIVING NATURE
3. HELPFULNESS
4. SELF CONTROL
5. INDEPENDENCE
6. OBEDIENCE
7. AMBITION
8. OPEN MILDNESS
9. CLEANLINESS
10. AFFECTION AND LOVE
11. POLITENESS
12. RATIONALITY
13. RESPONSIBILITY
14. COURAGE

15. COMPETENCE
16. CHEERFULNESS
17. INTELLIGENCE
18. IMAGINATION

• TERMINAL VALUES

1.       WORLD PEACE

2.       HAPPINESS

3.       EQUALITY

4.       ACHIEVEMENT

5.       INNER PEACE

6.       BEAUTY IN NATURE

7.       FAMILY SECURITY

8.       SELF RESPECT

9.       SALVATION

10.   FRIENDSHIP

11.   MATURE LOVE

12.   PLEASURE

13.   FREEDOM

14.   WISDOM

15.   PROSPERITY

16.   NATIONAL SECURITY

17.   SOCIAL RESPECT

18.   EXCITING LIFE

• TYPES OF VALUES
• ALL PORT AND HIS ASSOCIATES HAVE CATEGORIZED VALUES INTO SIX MAJOR TYPES:

1. THEORETICAL: INTEREST IN THE DISCOVERY OF THE TRUTH THROUGH REASONING AND SYSTEMATIC THINKING
2. ECONOMIC:_INTEREST IN USEFULNESS AND PRACTICALLY INCLUDING THE ACCUMULATION OF WEALTH
3. AESTHETIC VALUE:-INTEREST IN BEAUTY,FORM AND ARTISTIC HARMONY
4. SOCIAL:- INTEREST IN PEOPLE AND HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
5. POLITICAL: INTEREST IN GAINING POWER AND INFLUENCING OTHER PEOPLE
6. RELIGIOUS: INTEREST IN UNITY AND UNDERSTANDING THE COSMOS AS WHOLE

• SOURCES OF VALUES
• FAMILY FACTORS:-A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR:-

1. CHILD RAISING PRACTICES ADOPTED BY THE PARENT
2. THE LEARNING OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR,VALUES AND NORMS COME THROUGH THESE PRACTICES

• SOCIAL FACTORS:-OF THE SOCIETAL FACTORS,SCHOOL HAS A MAJOR ROLE TO PLAY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUES. THROUGH DISCIPLINE IN SCHOOL,INTERACTION WITH THE TEACHERS,CLASSMATES  AND OTHER STAFF HAS TREMENDOUS EFFECT ON CHILD’S PSYCHOLOGY AND VALUE SYSTEM.
• PERSONAL FACTORS:-PERSONAL ATTRIBUTE SUCH AS INTELLIGENCE,ABILITY,APPEARANCE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF THE PERSON DETERMINE HIS DEVELOPMENTAL VALUES
• CULTURAL FACTORS:-CULTURAL FACTORS INCLUDE EVERYTHING THAT IS LEARNT F AND PASSED FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. AN INDIVIDUAL IS PARTICIPANT  IN SOCIAL CULTURE,GROUP CULTURE AND ORGANIZATION CULTURE.HE IS KNOWN AS A COMPOSITE OF MANY CULTURES.
• RELIGIOUS FACTORS:-RELIGION COMPRISES OF A SET OF VALUES WHICH ARE PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION
• LIFE EXPERIENCE:-A MAN LEARNS FROM HIS OWN EXPERIENCE. SOMETIMES MAN CAN LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS
• SIGNIFICANCE OF VALUES

1. VALUES LAYS THE FOUNDATION FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF ATTITUDES AND MOTIVATION OF THE PEOPLE
2. VALUE SYSTEM INFLUENCE THE PERCEPTION OF INDIVIDUAL
3. ALSO INFLUENCES THE MANAGER’S PERCEPTION OF THE DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
4. INFLUENCE’S A MANAGER’S DECISIONS
5. VALUES INFLUENCE THE BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDE.

• VALUES      CLASSIFICATION
• SHALOM SCHWARTZ CLASSIFIED VALUE UNDER FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES

1. OPENNESS TO CHANGE
2. CONSERVATION
3. SELF TRANSCENDENCE
4. SELF ENHANCEMENT

• VALUES CONGRUENCE
• SITUATIONS WHERE THE VALUES OF TWO UNITS ARE SIMILAR.