ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR
EVOLUTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
1. CAN ABE
TRACED BACK TO THE DAYS WHEN THE HUMAN BEINGS STARTED LIVING IN GROUPS.
2. HISTORY REVEALS THAT STRONG MEN ORGANIZED THE MASSES INTO GROUP ACCORDING TO THEIR
INTELLIGENCE,PHYSICAL AND MENTAL CAPABILITIES
3. ACCORDING TO
1300 B.C ,THE ART OF MANAGEMENT BEING PRACTICES IN DIFFERENT FORM BY DIFFERENT
PEOPLE
4. SIMILAR
RECORD EXIST IN CHINA.
5. ACCORDING TO
HSU,CONFUCIUS’S PARABLES INCLUDE PRACTICAL SUGGESTION FOR PROPER
ADMINISTRATION AND ADMONITIONS TO CHOOSE HONEST,UNSELFISH AND CAPABLE PUBLIC
OFFICERS
6. BELIEVED THAT
THE SUCCESS OF ROMAN EMPIRE LAY IN THE ABILITY OF ROMANS TO ORGANIZE BY
USING SCALAR PRINCIPLE AND THE DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY.
NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION THEORY
1. ORGANIZATION
THEORY COVERS THE STUDY OF
STRUCTURES,FUNCTIONING AND PERFORMANCE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND OF THE BEHAVIOR
OF THE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION
2. . ACCORDING
TO JOE KELLY,” ORGANIZATION THEORY IS SET OF INTERRELATED CONCEPTS,DEFINITIONS AND PROPOSITIONS THAT PRESENTS A SYSTEMATIC VIEW OF BEHAVIOR OF
INDIVIDUALS,GROUPS AND SUBGROUPS INTERACTING IN SOME RELATIVELY PATTERNED SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITY IN THE INTENT OF WHICH IS GOAL ORIENTED
3. THE ROLE OF
ORGANIZATION THEORY IS TO PROVIDE A MEANS OF CLASSIFYING SIGNIFICANT AND
PERTINENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ORGANIZATION
4. ORGANIZATION
THEORIES ARE SET OF PROPOSITIONS WHICH SEEK TO EXPLAIN HOW INDIVIDUALS AND
GROUPS BEHAVE IN DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT.
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIZATION THEORY
1. CLASSICAL
ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
2. NEO CLASSICAL
ORGANIZATION THEORY
3. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE APPROACH
4. SOCIAL SYSTEM
APPROACH
5. MODERN
ORGANIZATION THEORY
CLASSICAL ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
1. SIGNIFIES THE
BEGINNING OF THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE ORGANIZATION
2. ALSO CALLED
TRADITIONAL THEORY
3. TRADITIONAL
ORGANIZATION THEORY CAN BE TRACED HISTORICALLY TO THE 19 TH CENTURY PROTOTYPE
INDUSTRIAL AND MILITARY ORGANIZATION
4. CONTRIBUTION
OF WRITERS IN 20 TH CENTURY:- TAYLOR,FAYOL,WEBER,LUTHER,GULLICK,URWICK,MOONEY
AND REILEY AND MANY
5. THOUGHT OF
THE ORGANIZATION IN TERMS OF ITS PURPOSE AND FORMAL
6. PUT STRESS ON
PLANNING OF THE WORK,THE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION,PRINCIPLES OF
MGMT AND ASSUMPTION OF RATIONAL AND LOGICAL BEHAVIOR.
7. TREATED
ORGANIZATION LIKE A MACHINE AND ITS EFFICIENCY CAN BE INCREASED BY MAKING EACH
INDIVIDUAL WORKING IN THE ORGANIZATION EFFICIENT
CLASSICAL ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY
•
F.W TAYLOR EMPHASIZED ON DIVISION OF
LABOUR,FIXING EVERYBODY’S WORK FOR THE DAY AND FUNCTIONAL FORMANSHIP. HIS
THEORY SCIENTIFIC MGMT IS REFERRED AS MACHINE
•
THREE VIEW POINT:-
1. TAYLOR’S
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
2. FAYOLS’
ADMINISTRATIVE MGMT
3. WEBER’S IDEAL
BUREAUCRACY
•
CLASSICAL AUTHOR TREATED ORGANIZATION AS CLOSED
SYSTEMS AND DID NOT STUDY THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
•
FOCUS ON EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY,TASK
ACCOMPLISHMENT,DIVISION OF LABOUR AND
• STRUCTURAL DESIGN TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF THE
ORGANIZATION
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
1. FIRST
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
2. MAIN
CONTRIBUTOR TO SCIENTIFIC MGMT WERE FREDERICK TAYLOR,HENRY L
GANTT,GILBRETH,LILIAN GILBRETH AND HARRINGTON EMERSON
3. F, W TAYLOR
THE FIRST ONE TO MAKE THE FIRST SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF MGMT KNOWN AS SCINETFIC
MGMT IN 1910
4. HE IS
REGARDED AS THE FATHER OF SCIENTIFIC
PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
CONTRIBUTION TWO DIMENSIONS:-
1. MECHANICAL :
TIME AND MOTION STUDY,STANDARDIZATION OF TOOLS,METHODS AND WORKING
CONDITIONS,DIFFERENTIAL PIECE RATE FOR THE PAYMENT OF WAGES
2. PHILOSOPHICAL SIDE HE DEVELOPS THE SCIENCE OF MGMT BASED ON SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION AND
EXPERIMENTS
PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
1. DEVELOP A
SCIENCE FOR EACH ELEMENTS OF A MAN’ WORK WHICH REPLACES THE OLD RULE OF THUMB
2. SCIENTIFICALLY
SELECT,TRAIN,TEACH AND DEVELOP WORKMEN
3. COOPERATE WITH
THE MEN
4. EQUAL
DIVISION OF THE WORK AND RESPONSIBILITY BETWEEN THE MGMT AND THE WORKER
•
WANTED TO BRING ABOUT MENTAL REVOLUTION ON THE
PART OF WORKERS AND MGMT. THREE ASPECTS OF THE MENTAL REVOLUTION:-
1. ALL OUT
EFFORTS FOR INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
2. CREATION OF THE
SPIRIT OF MUTUAL TRUST AND CONFIDENCE
3. INCULCATING
AND DEVELOPING THE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE TOWARDS PROBLEMS
EVALUATION
BENEFITS
1. REPLACEMENT
OF THE RULE OF THUMB BY SCIENTIFIC METHOD
2. PROPER
SELECTION AND TRAINING OF THE WORKERS
3. ESTABLISHMENT
OF HARMONIOUS RELATIONSHIP WITH WORKERS
4. ACHIEVEMENT
OF EQUAL DIVISION OF WORK BETWEEN WORKERS AND MGMT
5. STANDARDIZATION
OF TOOLS,EQUIPMENT,MATERIAL AND WORK METHODS
6. DETAILED
CRITICISM
1. USE OF SCIENTIFIC BEFORE MGMT WAS
2. CONFINED ONLY
TO PRODUCTION MGMT
3. CONCEPT OF
FUNCTIONAL FOREMAN SHIP WAS THE VIOLATION OF UNITY OF COMMAND
4. TRADE UNION
REGARDED IT AS EXPLOITATION OF THE WORKERS
ADMINISTRATIVE MGMT THEORY
1. HENRY FAYOL
IS REGARDED AS THE FATHER OF ADMINISTRATIVE MGMT
2. HE DEFINED
MGMT IN CERTAIN FUNCTION AND GAVE 14
PRINCIPLES OF MGMT WHICH ACCORDING TO HIM HAVE UNIVERSALLY APPLICATION
3. HE WAS A
PIONEER IN THE FIELD OF MGMT EDUCATION
4. HE DISCUSSED
14 PRINCIPLES AND ARGUED THAT MANAGERIAL
ABILITY CAN BE LEARNED AS OTHER
TECHNICAL ABILITY
5. RIGHTLY
CALLED THE FATHER OF THE GENERAL MANAGEMENT
FAYOL ‘S THEORY OF MGMT
CLASSIFICATION OF ALL OPERATIONS IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATION UNDER SIX
CATEGORIES
1. COMMERCIAL (
PURCHASE AND SALES)
2. FINANCIAL (
FUNDING AND CONTROLLING CAPITAL)
3. SECURITY(
PROTECTION)
4. ACCOUNTING(
BALANCE SHEET,COSTING RECORDS )
5. ADMINISTRATIVE
OR MANAGERIAL ( PLANNING,ORGANIZING ,COMMANDING,COORDINATING AND CONTROLLING)
MANAGEMENT IS THE PROCESS COMPOSED OF FIVE ELEMENTS OR FUNCTIONS LIKE
PLANNING,ORGANIZING,COMMANDING,CORDINATION AND CONTROL.
FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES
1. DIVISION OF
WORK
2. AUTHORITY AND
3. DISCIPLINE
4. UNITY OF
COMMAND
5. UNITY OF
DIRECTIONS
6. STANDARDIZATION
OF INDIVIDUAL INTEREST TO GENERAL INTEREST
7. RUMENERAION
8. CENTRALIZATION
9. SCALAR CHAIN
10. ORDER
11. EQUITY
12. STABILITY
13. INITATIVE
14. ESPRIT DE
CORPUS
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