EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1

Ø  EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Ø  INTRODUCTION

1.       IT GOT POPULARITY IN 1960

2.       ORIGIN DATES BACK TO AROUND 1800 BC WHEN THE CONCEPT OF MINIMUM WAGES RATE WAS INCLUDED IN THE BABYLONIAN CODE OF HAMMURAI.

3.       SPAN OF MANAGEMENT AND RELATED CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATION WERE DEVELOPED BY MOSES AROUND 1200 BC

4.       THE LITERATURE IN 1300 B.C IN EGYPTIAN ,CLEARLY INDICATED THE RECOGNITION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE BUREAUCRATIC SET UP

Ø  INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

•    INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DURING AT THE END OF 18 TH CENTURY AND IN THE BEGINNING OF 19 TH CENTURY HAD A SIGNIFICANT BEARING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE.

•    THE IMPORTANT CHANGES:-

1.       DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERS: FOR DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING MACHINERY FOR TEXTILE,COAL MINING,TOOLS AND LOCOMOTIVES ENGINEERS WERE NEEDED

2.       POWER DRIVEN MACHINES WERE USED IN THE INDUSTRY

3.       IT LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

4.       DEVELOPMENT OF COAL MINING

Ø  IMPORTANT CHANGES IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT:-

EMPLOYMENT OF LARGE NUMBER OF WORKERS IN FACTORIES
LARGE SCALE IN PRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION OF DIVISION OF LABOR
GROWTH OF A NEW CLASS OF TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES
MIGRATION OF LABOR FROM RURAL AREAS TO URBAN AREA
MONOTONY AND BOREDOM OF JOBS
CONTRIBUTION OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

•    ROBERT OWEN:-REFERRED AS FATHER OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT. HE CARRIED OUT EXPERIMENTED IN THE GROUPS OF TEXTILE MILLS MANAGED BY 1800 AND 1828 AND INTRODUCED MANY SOCIAL REFORMS. ALSO STARTED COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN 1828 IN ROCHDALE,ENGLAND

1.       BELIEVED AND PRACTICED THAT WORKERS SHOULD BE TREATED AS HUMAN BEING

2.       MADE PROVISION FOR REDUCED WORKING HOURS,HOUSING FACILITIES,EDUCATION OF WORKERS AND THEIR CHILDREN AND A SYSTEM OF DISCIPLINE COMBINED WITH JUSTICE

3.       TOOK ACTIVE PART IN THE INTRODUCTION OF BRITISH FACTORY ACT 1819

4.       BELIEVED THAT PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT PAYS DIVIDEND TO EMPLOYER AND ESSENTIAL PART OF EVERY MANAGER JOB

•    CHARLES BABBAGE

1.       LEADING BRITISH MATHEMATICIAN AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY FROM 1828-1839

2.       INVENTED A MECHANICAL CALCULATOR IN 1822

3.       ADVOCATED WORK MEASUREMENT. COST DETERMINATION AND WAGE INCENTIVES IN FACTORIES

4.       INVENTOR OF ANALYTICAL ENGINE(BEST REMEMBERED)

5.       HIS FAMOUS BOOK,”ON THE ECONOMY OF MACHINERY AND MANUFACTURERS.

6.       IMPORTANCE OF DIVISION OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL LABOR

7.       SUGGESTED PROFIT SHARING

8.       IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES

•    DANIEL C MCALLUM

1.       TRIED TO FIND SOLUTIONS TO MANAGERIAL INEFFICIENCIES WHICH WAS FACED BY RAILROADS

2.       HIS APPROACH TO RUN TH RAILROAD WAS ONE OF THE SYSTEM COMMONSENSE,REPORT AND CONTROL

3.       CONTRIBUTED ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF JOB DESCRIPTIONS AND PROMOTIONS ON THE BASIS OF  MERITS

•    GROWTH OF TRADE UNIONISM

WITH THE RISE OF FACTORY THE WORKERS WERE EXPLOITED

OS THEY ORGANIZED  TRADE UNION TO GET BETTER WAGES AND BETTER CONDITIONS OF WORK

THE BASIC PHILOSOPHY BEHIND TRADE UNIONISM WAS THROUGH STRENGTH AND COLLECTIVE SUPPORT,THE EMPLOYERS COULD BE FORCED TO LEARN TO LISTEN TO THEIR PROBLEMS.

WEAPONS WERE USED STRIKES.SLOWDOWN,WALKOUT,PICKETING,BOYCOTTS AND SABOTAGE

Ø  EFFECT OF TRADEUNIONISM

1.       ADOPTION OF EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCE HANDLING SYSTEM

2.       ACCEPTANCE OF ARBITRATION AS A MEANS OF RESOLVING AS CONFLICTS

3.       DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES,EXPANSION OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PROGRAM,THE LIBERALIZATION OF HOLIDAYS. VACATIONS TIME,CLEAR DEFINITION OF JOB DUTIES,JOB RIGHTS THROUGH SENIORITY

4.       IN USA.WELFARE SECRETARIES WERE APPOINTED AND ALSO WORKER PARTICIPATION. PATERNALISTIC ATTITUDE TOWARD WORKERS

5.       1910,PERSONNEL DEPARTMENTS WERE ESTABLISHED IN MANY ORGANIZATIONS FOR RECRUITMENT,TRAINING,MOTIONS STUDY AND RECORD KEEPING,WELFARE ETC